quinta-feira, novembro 24, 2005

Il Gattopardo

Il Gattopardo de Luchino Visconti é uma obra marcante.
Em 1963, data do filme, estamos num ano em que se pode finalmente discutir o cinema italiano como dos mais importantes no mundo inteiro. Após a revitalização do cinema que foi o neo-realismo, surgiram ao longo da década de 50, e nos primeiros anos da seguinte, várias fitas e realizadores-autores que se impuseram como verdadeiros vanguardistas do cinema ou excelentes contadores de histórias, colados à tradição italiana. Aqui encontramos nomes como Michelangelo Antonioni e a sua fantástica trilogia L'Avventura (1960), La Notte (1961) e L'Eclisse (1962), Federico Fellini com I Vitelloni (1953), La Strada (1954), e sobretudo La Dolce Vita (1960) e Otto e Mezzo (1963), Roberto Rossellini e Vittorio de Sica, mestres do neo-realismo, já a servirem de inspiração, e finalmente Luchino Visconti, com obras como Senso (1954), Le Notte Bianche (1957) e Rocco e i suoi Fratelli (1960).
A obra seguinte de Visconti é exactamente Il Gattopardo, um épico de três horas sobre o momento mais marcante da história da Itália - naturalmente, a sua libertação e unificação. Ao longo do filme seguimos este evento visto pela família, e sobretudo, pelos olhos do príncipe Don Fabrizio Salina, numa interpretação fantástica de Burt Lancaster. Podemos ver como, apesar de tantas lutas, tantos gritos, tanta vontade, o essencial fica na mesma. Os nomes continuam, a essencial rotina da nobreza, como explica o genial padre Pirrone, não muda, as classes não vão acabar, as ideias são ideias, mas o povo italiano, os seus modos e tiques, e acima de tudo, o siciliano, esse, não quer mudança, ou melhor, quer mudar tudo para ficar tudo na mesma - escondidos no seu cantinho, lamentando-se diariamente pela tarefa inevitável do viver pesado.
E pela história de um país, das suas personagens e cenas típicas genialmente interpretadas, vemos cenários fabulosos, dignos da arte mais impressionista ou da arte mais ricamente realista. Desde o forrado da sala, aos vestidos das senhoras, aos pratos servidos, à disposição de cada um pelo ecrã scope, cada plano aparece-nos como um quadro eterno, uma imagem digna de um sonho, vindo da maior sensibilidade do belo de todas - a de Visconti.
Mesmo os choques encaixam-se na fluidez da filmagem, as aparições geniais como a de Don Calogero Sedara, novo burguês tosco pinto-calçudo, que se diverte ao calcular tanta riqueza antiga que o rodeia por equivalências em hectares e propriedades, a entrada da fabulosa Angelica, Claudia Cardinale no seu papel mais carnal e fatal, ou as barulhentas tropas e o seu general de botas por dentro de um último baile da mais alta e exclusiva classe. A mesma actriz é protagonista, com Alain Delon, de uma das cenas mais eróticas da história do cinema, ao se "passear", com o seu noivo, pela casa abandonada, já demasiadamente vazia para poder controlar tanto desejo, tanta obsessão carnal (repito-me), uma cena de uma intensidade doentia.
E no fim, o que temos, é a morte do Leopardo, genialmente filmada por Visconti através, desta vez, de um verdadeiro quadro, e de uma valsa, a pontuar o auge da decadência mais bela do cinema. É ele que segue sozinho por entre os tiros de uma guerra inacabada, que ele próprio aceitou naturalmente, uma guerra que já não travará totalmente, nem precisará. Segue o seu sobrinho (Alain Delon), financeiramente equivalente a uma suposta classe média, que protege a sua noiva burguesa, bela, e rica (Claudia Cardiale) dos brutos sons vindos do exterior do seu coche.
Em 1963, o Leopardo morreu. E a partir daí, levou consigo, por entre a bruma de uma manhã suja, todo um cinema de um país, que nunca mais se conseguiu verdadeiramente erguer em todo o seu poder. Fica uma obra que ainda serviu de profunda inspiração, mas para outras bandas de novas terras e novos italianos, para filmes como The Godfather (1972) de Francis Ford Coppola, e a sua sequela de 1974, ou homenagens como The Age of Innocence (1993) de Martin Scorsese. Mas estes não chegam - e nunca é demais repetir. Il Gattopardo é um filme marcante.

30 comentários:

Anónimo disse...

É certo que o cinema italiano não voltou a ser o mesmo: Antonioni fez a travessia do deserto (leia-se fora de itália), mas será que não houve um ou outro "estertor"?

Dois exemplos: "Amarcord" de Fellini ou o genial "la cadutta degli dei" do próprio Visconti...

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é simplesmente arrebatador. poucos filmes me consguiram impressionar da forma que O Leopardo conseguiu... uma obra magnânima!

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